Research on hypoglycemic activity of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii extract / 药学学报

This study aimed to assess the hypoglycemic activity, and in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase, inhibition of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and total antioxidant capacity were used to clarify its bioactivity. Furthermore, the potential hypoglycemic active chemical constituents in the aqueous extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) method. The result showed that in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase of the extract (IC50 = 2.11 ± 0.26 mg·mL-1) were similar to acarbose (IC50 = 2.88 ± 0.32 mg·mL-1), and it inhibited the AGEs formation and the total antioxidant capacity in a certain extent. Based on the MS fragmentation pathway analysis of reference chemical acteoside contained in this extract, and related references, 73 constituents were tentatively identified from the aqueous extract of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower, including 58 phenylethanoids, 8 caffeoylquinic acids, 1 flavonoid vicenin-2, and 6 common organic chemicals in plant. Furthermore, 8 unknown alkaloids were characterized in this work. Among of these chemicals, 61 phenylethanoids were supposed to be detected for the first time. In conclusion, this work disclosed the potential hypoglycemic active constituents of Osmanthus fragrans var. thunbergii flower.

Predicting fetal weight by three-dimensional limb volume ultrasound (AVol/TVol) and abdominal circumference / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Fetal weight is an important parameter to ensure maternal and child safety. The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional (3D) limb volume ultrasound combined with fetal abdominal circumference (AC) measurement to establish a model to predict fetal weight and evaluate its efficiency.@*METHODS@#A total of 211 participants with single pregnancy (28-42 weeks) were selected between September 2017 and December 2018 in the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University. The upper arm (AVol)/thigh volume (TVol) of fetuses was measured by the 3D limb volume technique. Fetal AC was measured by two-dimensional ultrasound. Nine cases were excluded due to incomplete information or the interval between examination and delivery >7 days. The enrolled 202 participants were divided into a model group (134 cases, 70%) and a verification group (68 cases, 30%) by mechanical sampling method. The linear relationship between limb volume and fetal weight was evaluated using Pearson Chi-squared test. The prediction model formula was established by multivariate regression with data from the model group. Accuracy of the model formula was evaluated with verification group data and compared with traditional formulas (Hadlock, Lee2009, and INTERGROWTH-21st) by paired t-test and residual analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to predict macrosomia.@*RESULTS@#AC, AVol, and TVol were linearly related to fetal weight. Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.866, 0.862, and 0.910, respectively. The prediction model based on AVol/TVol and AC was established as follows: Y = -481.965 + 12.194TVol + 15.358AVol + 67.998AC, R2adj = 0.868. The scatter plot showed that when birth weight fluctuated by 5% (i.e., 95% to 105%), the difference between the predicted fetal weight by the model and the actual weight was small. A paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted fetal weight and the actual birth weight (t = -1.015, P = 0.314). Moreover, the residual analysis showed that the model formula's prediction efficiency was better than the traditional formulas with a mean residual of 35,360.170. The combined model of AVol/TVol and AC was superior to the Lee2009 and INTERGROWTH-21st formulas in the diagnosis of macrosomia. Its predictive sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 91.7%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Fetal weight prediction model established by semi-automatic 3D limb volume combined with AC is of high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The prediction model formula shows higher predictive efficiency, especially for the diagnosis of macrosomia.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03002246; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03002246?recrs=e&cond=fetal&draw=8&rank=67.

Relationship between Serum Lipid Levels and Parkinson's Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum lipids and Parkinson's disease, and its predictive value for Parkinson's disease. Methods:From January, 2016 to November, 2018, 145 patients with Parkinson's disease and other 122 healthy subjects were selected. They were measured the various lipid indexes. Results:Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were less in the patients than in the controls (t > 2.089, P < 0.05). ApoA1 was an independent protective factor from Logistic regression (OR = 0.081, P < 0.01). The most optimal cut-off threshold of ApoA1 was 1.38 mmol/L, with the sensitivity of 0.72 and the specificity of 0.68. Conclusion:The lipid decreased in patients with Parkinson's disease. Low ApoA1 may be a potential independent risk factor for Parkinson's disease, which may be a predictor for it.

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a clinicopathologic study of twenty cases / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical features of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the 2004 modified terminology of International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Diseases (ISSVD), the cases were diagnosed as VIN from patients who had performed vulvar biopsy in Beijing Wuzhou Women's Hospital from February 2009 to December 2011, which were reclassified as usual VIN and differentiated VIN. The clinical and pathological studies were conducted respectively. MaxVision immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of Ki-67, p16 and p53 proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 20 cases of VIN in 237 patients, and the incidence of VIN was 8.4% in all of contemporary vulvar biopsy. In 17 cases of usual VIN, mean age was 29.6 years, the lesion typically presented with atypical cells involving almost all layers of the epithelium, which was equivalent to the high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia of cervix. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 and p16 was strongly positive in usual VIN. High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) detection was also positive. The incidence of differentiated VIN was less than usual VIN, and there were only 3 cases in this study. In differentiated VIN, patients aged over 50 years, with mean of 53.7 years, and the lesion most commonly presented with lichen sclerosis background. There were epithelial thickening and extending, and parakeratosis, and atypia was strictly confined to the basal and parabasal layers of the epithelium where the cells enlarged with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, presented with prominent nucleoli, increased cellularity and abnormal keratinization. In differentiated VIN, p53 was strongly positive, Ki-67 and p16 immunohistochemical expression was confined to the basal layer only.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>VIN is a precursor of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. The modified terminology of ISSVD classifies VIN as high-grade lesions. Definitive pathological diagnosis of VIN plays an important role in its timely treatment and the prevention of vulvar carcinoma.</p>

Experiment-time affects the cognitive behavior in aged Sprague-Dawley rats / 生理学报

In order to investigate if the experiment-time affects cognitive performance in aged rats in different learning and memory behavioral tests, the aged Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups randomly and subjected to open field test, Morris water maze test and social discrimination test. The experiment of one group was conducted in 8:00 - 11:00 AM (AM group), and the other group in 15:00 - 18:00 PM (PM group). PM group exhibited higher locomotor activity than AM group in the open field test. Compared with AM group rats, PM group rats had significantly shorter swimming distance and escape latency to find the platform in Morris water maze training session, but no significant difference in the swimming velocity was observed between the two groups. And in probe-test, PM group spent more time in target quadrant than AM group. These results revealed that PM group showed better spatial learning and memory abilities than AM group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in social investigation index in social discrimination test. These results show that experiment-time may affect cognitive performance in Morris water maze but not in social discrimination task in aged rats. And the results indicate that experiment-time affects cognitive performance of aged rats selectively in different learning and memory behavioral tasks.